Pingxiang: Visit the "Youyiguan Pass" and experience history at the southern gate of China. If you are looking for a unique travel experience that combines rich history, natural beauty, and vibrant cultural exchanges, a visit to Youyiguan, also known as the "Friendship Pass," is a must. This grand gateway is located on the border between China and Vietnam and is recognized as one of the ten most famous passages in China. Known as the "Southern Gate of China," Youyiguan Pass has a history spanning hundreds of years, with its architecture and ancient forts standing against the lush mountain scenery.
According to Thai News Agency, Youyiguan Pass, located in Pingxiang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is one of the nine major border crossings in China. It serves as a land border crossing between China and Vietnam and has been a witness to significant events that reflect the history of relations between the two countries. The pass has undergone several name changes, reflecting the political context of each era. Initially named "Zhennanguan" during the Ming Dynasty to signify "Southern Conquering Pass," it was later renamed "Mu Nan Guan" in 1953 to convey reconciliation after the Communist Revolution. In 1965, during the Vietnam War, it was named "Youyiguang" or "Friendship Pass" to emphasize close relations between Communist China and North Vietnam.
The Battle of Zhennan Pass in 1885 during the Sino-French War stands out as the most significant historical event associated with Youyiguan Pass. The Chinese Qing Dynasty army, led by General Feng Zicai, clashed with the French forces attempting to invade Guangxi Province. Despite the Western forces' might, the Chinese army defeated them, marking a great victory for China in the 19th century. However, China ultimately signed the Treaty of Tianjin, recognizing French protectorate over Vietnam.
In modern times, Youyiguan Pass has evolved from a historic battleground into a bustling economic gateway and logistics hub between China and Vietnam, as well as ASEAN. The checkpoint is a primary gateway for transporting goods, especially Thai fruits like durian and mangosteen, entering the Chinese market through routes R9 and R12. It also serves as a crucial transportation network connection, being the confluence point of China's National Highway 322 and Vietnam's National Highway 1, marked by a "zero kilometer" marker.
Moreover, Youyiguan Pass has become a significant historical tourism site. The fortification buildings and surrounding forts are preserved as important historical attractions, drawing visitors eager to experience the stories and grandeur of the past.